The origin of Eta Sagittariis proper name Sephdar is unknown. In Sagittarius Mythology, Sagittarius is described as The Centaur (one-half horse, one-half human). It lies at an approximate distance of 50,000 light years from Earth. It is also associated with Crotus, the satyr who kept company of the Muses on Mount Helicon. This beautiful image features the globular star cluster M75. It is located only 5.41 light years from Barnards Star in the neighbouring constellation Ophiuchus. The cluster is about 67 light years in radius and has an apparent magnitude of 9.18. The cluster is nine light years in radius, has an apparent magnitude of 7.5, and is approximately 4,900 light years distant. Once enough material was ejected, the stars luminous core was exposed and it began to produce ultraviolet radiation, exciting the surrounding gas to varying degrees and causing it to radiate in an attractive array of colours. It was discovered by Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Hodierna in 1654. The cluster spans 10 light years and has an apparent size of 5 arc minutes. The cause of these outbursts is not understood, but the rapidity with which they rise and fall indicates that they are occurring near the event horizon, or point of no return, around the black hole. It has an apparent magnitude of 12 and with a linear radius of 160 light years it occupies 7.3 of the apparent sky. Sigma Sagittarii is also notable for being the brightest star that can be occulted by an exterior planet. Messier 70 offers a special case because it has undergone what is known as a core collapse. Mythology of the constellation Sagittarius. The constellation has 32 stars with confirmed planets. They orbit each other with a period of 241.5 days and are separated by only 2 astronomical units. The symbol of the Sagittarius is the centaur, a half-man and half-horse being from Greek mythology, or more generally, the archeras the centaur is typically . Located 25,000 light years from Earth, the cluster lies only about 100 light years from the Galactic centre. The huge number of stars that light up this region dramatically emphasise the blackness of dark clouds like Barnard 86, which appears at the centre of this new picture from the Wide Field Imager, an instrument mounted on the MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope at ESOs La Silla Observatory in Chile. In Babylonian mythology, Sagittarius is associated with the centaur-like god Nergal, and depicted with two heads one human and one panther and also wings, and the stinger of a scorpion positioned above a horses tail. During this time the black hole flared up in X-ray intensity half a dozen or more times. The cluster lies at a distance of about 16,000 light years and has a magnitude of 9.30. The Teapot in Sagittarius, image: Wikisky. Westerhout 31 (W31) is a massive H II region in Sagittarius. Terzan 7 has a considerable number of blue stragglers and the clusters centre has a particularly high concentration of these stars. This may indicate that, like the better known Messier 54 and Omega Centauri, Terzan 5 is not a true globular cluster, but possibly the remaining core of a dwarf galaxy disrupted by the Milky Way in the distant past. The numbers 1806-20 indicate its position in the sky (right ascension and declination). Since it lies very close to the ecliptic, Lambda Sagittarii is occasionally occulted by the Moon and, more rarely, by planets. NGC 6565 is a planetary nebula, a cloud of gas expelled by a central star in its final stages, located about 14,000 light years away in Sagittarius. The nebulas appearance earned it the nickname Eye of Sauron Nebula. Also catalogued as ESO 456-67, the nebula was discovered by Rudolph Minkowski in 1946. Sagittarius B2 is a very large molecular cloud of dust and gas approximately 390 light years from the centre of the Milky Way. Vast amounts of energy are also released when these stars go out as supernovas, heating the surrounding material. It's easy to see why the myths behind Centaurus and Sagittarius often get confused. It lies at an estimated distance of 50,000 light years from Earth on the other side of our galaxy. It has a mass three million times that of the Sun. The star lies at a center of a planetary nebula, formed after the stars red giant stage about 8,300 years ago. The signs are: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces. It has a diameter of about 20 kilometres and its rotation speed at the surface is 30,000 km/h. It was first discovered by the French astronomer Guillaume Le Gentil in 1747. It lasted for full 72 seconds, but has never been detected since. The complex of star forming regions is obscured by interstellar dust, but it can be observed in radio, infrared and X-ray bands. The most well-known myth is that of Chiron, the centaur and revered teacher of many Greek heroes. Image: Wikimedia Commons/Jschulman555 (CC BY-SA 4.0). It is a known X-ray source. It lies in an area of the sky known as Baades Window. Messier 25 is an open cluster with an apparent magnitude of 4.6, about 2,000 light years from Earth. Crotus, much like Chiron, was a skilled musician and hunter. At the bottom centre is a rather unremarkable smudge of red which is in fact a rare and valuable object. Ancient Greeks on the other hand had tremendous respect for horses. Sometimes it is also called the Sagittarius I Dwarf or Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal. While the star is far enough for the supernova itself to be harmless, a long duration gamma-ray burst (LGRB) pointed in our direction could certainly do serious damage to our ozone layer. It lies close to the star Zeta Sagittarii. It was discovered by Edward Charles Pickering on August 18, 1882. Sagittarius symbolism and mythology. The cluster has an apparent magnitude of 11.29 and lies at a distance of 24,100 light years from Earth. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1784. The last occultation occurred on September 3, 423. It is a blue class B giant with an apparent magnitude of 1.79 and a luminosity 375 times that of the Sun. For example, Libra is ruled by balance and harmony, so its glyph resembles . It can be found between the Sagittarius Star Cloud (Messier 24) and the Omega Nebula (Messier 17). Sigma Sagittarii is sometimes also known as Nunki. It is an eclipsing binary star, with a B8 supergiant star for a primary component and a B2 type giant as the companion star. It's not a mindless ramble for these folks, either. In mythology, Centaurs were hard drinkers, unreliable, misleading, crude, wild, and adulterous. Red Spider Nebula (NGC 6537), image: Judy Schmidt (CC BY 2.0). The cluster is a relatively large and bright one, with an apparent magnitude of 7.42. However, it is pretty unlikely that the star has a sufficiently high spin velocity to produce a LGRB and the exact inclination of its spin axis is uncertain. They also look a lot alike. In Greek mythology, Sagittarius represents a centaur, a half human, half horse creature with the torso of a man and the body and four legs of a horse. The myth of centaurs: summary. It is good to remember the reason why Sagittarius is a centaur in the first place. It was discovered by Charles Messier on August 31, 1780, along with another globular cluster, Messier 70. NGC 6578 is a planetary nebula occupying an area of 8 arc seconds. The brightest companion star is an F class dwarf with an apparent magnitude of 7.77. The primary star has two companions; Pi Sagittarii B 0.1 arc seconds away and Pi Sagittarii C 0.4 arc seconds away. It has an estimated age of about 220 million years. It has an apparent magnitude of 6.0 and is approximately 4,100 light years distant. In Greek mythology, Sagittarius represents a centaur, a half human, half horse creature with the torso of a man and the body and four legs of a horse. Most interpretations conclude that the mythology of Sagittarius refers to the centaurChiron, who was accidentally shot by Hercules (Greek mythology) with a poison arrow. The star was named after the shape of the nebula it illuminates, the Pistol Nebula. The most notable of these regions, the radio-emitting nebula G10.3-0.3, is home to the cluster 1806-20, which contains an O-type supergiant, two blue hypergiants, three Wolf-Rayet stars, the luminous blue variable LBV 1806-20 and the magnetar SGR 1806-20. It was discovered by Philippe Loys De Chseaux in 1745 and added to Messiers catalogue in 1764. Pi Sagittarii is a triple star system approximately 440 light years distant, with an apparent magnitude of 2.88. Pistol Star and Nebula (false colour composite image), photo: Don F. Figer (UCLA) and NASA. The image was made from data obtained through four different filters (B, V, R, and H-alpha). The object is actually a small white dwarf star undergoing a helium flash one of only a handful of examples of such an event ever witnessed by astronomers. Realising Ixion's intentions, Zeus sent a cloud, disguised as Hera, to trick him. The sign of Sagittarius is associated with the greek myth of the centaur Chiron, who was the product of a union between a nymph and the god Cronus, who turned into horse to seduce her. Edward Emerson Barnard catalogued it as IC 4690 in August 1905. At the equator, the pulsar is spinning at a speed of more than 70,000 km/s, or about 24% of the speed of light. It has an apparent magnitude of 10.10 and lies at a distance of 27,700 light years. Together with the stars Delta (Kaus Media) and Lambda Sagittarii (Kaus Borealis), Epsilon Sagittarii represents the archers bow. Beta-1 Sagittarii, or Arkab Prior (prior because it leads Beta-2 across the sky), is a double star approximately 378 light years distant. It lies at a distance of only 1,000 light years and has a radius of more than 9 light years, occupying more than 60 arc minutes of the apparent sky. The estimated age of the cluster is more than 12 billion years, making NGC 6522 one of the oldest known clusters in the Milky Way. NGC 6818 is a magnitude 10 planetary nebula in Sagittarius. The Carina-Sagittarius Arm is particularly notable for containing a large number of H II regions, giant molecular clouds and young stars. It is 15-20 light years in radius and contains about 150 stars. It is classified as a UV Ceti-type flare star, one undergoing sudden dramatic increases in brightness for a few minutes. The brightest stars in the cluster are 7th magnitude. Other similar ripples of heated matter thrown out by feisty young stars are dotted across Barnards Galaxy. Each zodiac sign has a special symbol, or glyph, that's associated with the mythology behind it. This was the largest event of its kind seen in the Milky Way since 1604, when the type Ia supernova SN 1604 (Keplers Nova) was observed by the German astronomer Johannes Kepler in the direction of Ophiuchus constellation. The constellations symbol is . It was recovered by archaeologists and made public by Richard Hinckley Allen in his book Star names, their lore and meaning. It may look like something from The Lord of the Rings, but this fiery swirl is actually a planetary nebula known as ESO 456-67. Its name means divided into three lobes. Hubble established a distance of over 700,000 light years using the Cepheids period-luminosity relationship, and this was the first system located beyond the Magellanic Clouds to have its distance accurately determined. The myth behind Sagittarius actually refers to Crotus, a satyr that lived on Mount Helicon with the Muses. It lies at a distance of 35,500 light years. NGC 6589 is a reflection nebula that occupies an area of 5.0 by 3.0 in apparent size. Gamma Sagittarii is a K type (K0III) giant star with an apparent magnitude of 2.98. According to the Babylonians, Sagittarius is associated with the god Pabilsag. At the time, it was believed to be a magnitude 11.4 slow nova as it had not been visible in older images of the region and only appeared to brighten in the previous couple of years. Messier included it in his catalogue in 1764. They have the head and torso of a man, but the bottom half of a hoofed beast. With a mass of 10,000 solar masses, it is about 10 times more massive than typical open clusters in the Milky Way. The subgiant has an apparent magnitude of 3.93 and is approximately 122 light years distant from the solar system. SAGITTARIUS, The Archer, represents a centaur - half-man, half-horse, descended from Ixion, the man who dared to lust after Hera, wife of Zeus. The Arches Cluster is the densest open cluster known in the Milky Way. Ross 154 was originally catalogued by the American astronomer and physicist Frank Elmore Ross in 1925. This cosmic pair is set against millions of glowing stars from the brightest part of the Milky Way a region so dense with stars that barely any dark sky is seen across the picture.This part of the constellation of Sagittarius (The Archer) is one of the richest star fields in the whole sky the Large Sagittarius Star Cloud. It has an apparent magnitude of 9 and lies 9,450 light years from Earth. It is obscured from view by large cosmic dust clouds in the galaxys spiral arms. Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Potsdam Univ. In Greek mythology, Sagittarius is Chiron, a centaur who was a teacher to gods and heroes, like Achilles. SGR 1806-20 was identified as a soft gamma repeater in 1979. The first magnetar to be identified, in 2013, was SGR J17452900 or PSR J1745-2900, the soft gamma repeater orbiting a black hole in Sagittarius A*. The star is classified as a semiregular variable of the SRc type. Most likely it comes from different cultural interpretations of the constellations. The clusters age and low levels of nickel found in it led astronomers to believe that it may have originated in the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy (Sag DEG). Located 38,700 light years away, the star is likely a binary system. 62 Sagittarii (or c Sagittarii) is an M-type giant at the southwest corner, about 450 light years from Earth. He later included it in his catalogue. The Delta Sagittarii system is known in fiction from William R. Forstchens 1969 novel Into the Sea of Stars. Image: ESO, 2013. Messier 54 is a dense globular cluster with an apparent magnitude of 8.37, approximately 87,400 light years distant and about 150 light years across. When this happens, the stars light drastically diminishes and ceases to excite the surrounding gas, so the nebula fades from view. Whether you think Sagittarius is based on Chiron or Crotus doesn't really matter, I suppose. Credit: Wikipedia/Public domain The constellation is associated with the centaur Chiron. Lambda Sagittarii marks the handle of the Teapot asterism (see below) and points to the famous interstellar cloud, the Lagoon Nebula. Knowledge is key to these folks since it fuels their broad-minded approach to life. As understood through the centaur, the Sagittarius sign is as optimistic as the archer but . The system is notable for being the source of one of the most rapid superluminal (faster than light) jets in our galaxy. It is one of only four star systems known to be hydrogen-deficient, which makes it difficult to classify U Sgr. Image: ESO. The Sagittarius Cluster is located near the galactic bulge, the central group of stars in the Milky Way. The stars in the cluster are between 2.5 and 3.25 billion years old. The companion star has an apparent magnitude of 5.84 and is located about 359 light years from Earth. This Chandra image of Sgr A* and the surrounding region was made from a 164 hours of observation time over a two-week period. It seems that this cluster has already been kidnapped from its former home and now is part of our own galaxy. The Upsilon Sagittarii system is about 1,672 light years distant and has an orbital period of 137.939 days.
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