Nat Chem 4:5963. [7] D. Majerov, L. Kulaviak, M. Rika, F. tpnek, P. Zmostn, Effect of colloidal silica on rheological properties of common pharmaceutical excipients, European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 106 (2016) 2-8. Mater Horiz 1:301313. Together, we will find the ideal system solutions to make your products even more successful. In standard coating processes involving powder layering, Colloidal silicon dioxide is used to facilitate powder build-up in the coating while also helping maintain pigments in suspension. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR03065J, Croissant JG, Mauriello-Jimenez C, Maynadier M et al. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.7466, Zhmud BV, Meurk A, Bergstrm L (1998) Evaluation of surface ionization parameters from AFM data. This case suggests that the drug vehicleanhydrous colloidal silicain the tablet formulations was the cause of the clinical picture, since this component was present in all tablets consumed. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2013.08.012, Allen LH, Matijevc E, Meites L (1971) Exchange of Na+ for the silanolic protons of silica. J Colloid Interface Sci 35:172174. Chem Mater 31:5761. Macromol Rapid Commun 33:811818. The importance of drug dissolution and permeability has been previously described by the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), originally proposed by Amidon, which groups APIs into four different classes according to their permeability and solubility in aqueous media, namely, BCS I, II, III and IV. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12:117125. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 100102:205265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2015.10.009, Tiemblo P, Garca N, Hoyos M et al. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:1846218473. QSILICA ONE-A-DAY: Qsilica ONE-A-DAY tablets contains zinc, selenium and biotin, in addition to the colloidal silica. Theranostics 10:98659887. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 186:110677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110677, Monopoli MP, Walczyk D, Campbell A et al. Nanomaterials 9:1365. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9101365, Israelachvili J (2013) Intermolecular and surface forces, 3rd edn. Chem Mater 28:90089016. Colloidal silicon dioxide has the chemical formula SiO2 but is distinct from other types of silica, such as amorphous or crystalline silica, that exist naturally or otherwise such as silica gel or precipitated silica. (2016) Facile synthesis of manganese silicate nanoparticles for pH/GSH-responsive T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Soluble in hot solutions of alkali hydroxide. Qsilica PRO COLLAGEN also contains a combination of wheat ceramides (Ceramosides) and vitamin C in addition to mineral silica, to promote collagen production. https://doi.org/10.1021/la2038558, Zhu Y, Sundaram HS, Liu S et al. https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm.11.19, Xu H, Yan F, Monson EE, Kopelman R (2003) Room-temperature preparation and characterization of poly (ethylene glycol)-coated silica nanoparticles for biomedical applications. SAS may sometimes be surface-treated to render it hydrophobic but these specialised products are produced at relatively low tonnage levels compared to the untreated material. Chemistry 22:1480614811. Of all the oxide minerals in the Earths crust, silicon dioxide, or silica, is the most abundant. Chem Commun 54:91909193. (2016) Bypassing protein corona issue on active targeting: Zwitterionic coatings dictate specific interactions of targeting moieties and cell receptors. (2009) Understanding biophysicochemical interactions at the nanobio interface. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cs15233e, Vroman L, Adams A, Fischer G, Munoz P (1980) Interaction of high molecular weight kininogen, factor XII, and fibrinogen in plasma at interfaces. Adv Mater 31:e1805730. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:3482034832. There are many grades of colloidal silica, but all of them are composed of silica particles ranging in size from about 2 nm up to about 150 nm. Low pH versions of colloidal silica are also available by the adsorption of cationic aluminum oxide onto the surface of the particles. The role of silica is less obvious in animals, but each one of us contains about half a gram of silica without which our bones, hair, and teeth could not be formed. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2016.10.005, Currie EPK, Norde W, Cohen Stuart MAC (2003) Tethered polymer chains: surface chemistry and their impact on colloidal and surface properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 133:105117. 1 0 obj<> endobj Both the European Union and the FDA have authorised the use of Colloidal silicon dioxide as a food additive and for food contact materials. https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2017-0280, Du X, Kleitz F, Li X et al. Amorphous forms, on the other hand, have random, disordered lattices. https://doi.org/10.1021/la803737c, Matsuda Y, Kobayashi M, Annaka M et al. AEROPERL 300 Pharma, which like standard Colloidal silicon dioxide, is tested against the high-quality requirements of the Silica Colloidal Anhydrous (Ph. The expiration (Use By) date is sought from the bottom or side of your Qsilica product. (2021) Protein corona meets freeze-drying: overcoming the challenges of colloidal stability, toxicity, and opsonin adsorption. Herein we discuss the theory behind the colloidal stability of silica NPs, the processes leading to their aggregation, and some strategies to overcome this issue (mainly focused on NPs surface functionalization). Langmuir 27:98239833. Benefits of silica from Evonik for the pharmaceutical industry. (fumed) silica, or by a wet process, yielding hydrated silica, precipitated silica and silica gel. Low pH grades can also be obtained by completely deionizing the dispersion.These grades do not require the presence of stabilizing ions and are also stable below a pH of 3. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1722263115, He L, Hu Y, Wang M, Yin Y (2012) Determination of solvation layer thickness by a magnetophotonic approach. Lipid formulations: Solutions of API in suitable oil carriers can be absorbed by the mesoporous silica, which can then be converted into free-flowing powders. In: Tadros T (ed.) MORE, Once functionalized with an Evonik organosilane, the IDISIL Colloidal Silica becomes highly compatible with organic matrices MORE. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 238:161. https://doi.org/10.1021/la8005647, Sanchez-Salcedo S, Vallet-Reg M, Shahin SA et al. MORE, Evonik has developed a unique process for the structure treatment of its ultra-high purity IDISIL Colloidal Silica particles. Chem Mater 24:43264336. Springer International Publishing, Cham, p 135, Estephan ZG, Schlenoff PS, Schlenoff JB (2011) Zwitteration as an alternative to PEGylation. (2020) Degradation of silica particles functionalised with essential oil components under simulated physiological conditions. Standard colloidal silica dispersions are stable against gelling and settling in pH range of 8 - 10.5. Nanoscale 5:63726380. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18502-8, Quignard S, Masse S, Laurent G, Coradin T (2013) Introduction of disulfide bridges within silica nanoparticles to control their intra-cellular degradation. Part of Springer Nature. There are many grades of colloidal silica, but all of them are composed of silica particles ranging in size from about 2 nm up to about 150 nm. - 178.170.103.87. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b03824, Aura-Soro C, Nesma T, Juanes-Velasco P, et al. Evonik complements product portfolio with Colloidal Silica - as a specialty chemicals company, Evonik is specialized on particle modification and functionalization for ultra-high purity Colloidal Silica. (2017) Biological fate of Fe3O4 core-shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles depending on particle surface chemistry. The subunits of colloidal silica particles are typically in the range of 1 to 5nm. Formulated to support from within, Qsilica helps maintain collagen health and formation as well as supporting skin's structure and integrity. (2018) Differential recognition of nanoparticle protein corona and modified low-density lipoprotein by macrophage receptor with collagenous structure. https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(84)90047-4, Ishihara K, Aragaki R, Ueda T et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72624-8_11, Kontogeorgis GM, Kiil S (2016) Introduction to applied colloid and surface chemistry. (2015) Bimodal acidity at the amorphous silica/water interface. A grade of mesoporous Colloidal silicon dioxide featuring a high specific surface area can be used as a moisture desiccant in MADG. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.12.036, Knowles BR, Wagner P, Maclaughlin S et al. (2005) Effects of heat treatment on the aggregation and charging of Stber-type silica. These colloidal silicas are commercially available in the form of sols or dried powders (e.g., xerogels, dry precipitates, aerogels, or calcinated coarcervates). (2008) High bioavailability from nebulized itraconazole nanoparticle dispersions with biocompatible stabilizers. It can, consequently, lead to the NPs aggregation and affect their degradation profile. Klaassen, D. Liebler, J.G. In the event of damaged, faulty or incorrect products being despatched, we are happy for you to return the goods to us. Chemical names Silicon dioxide, chemically prepared C.A.S. Please find below exemplary applications of our IDISIL Colloidal Silica products. Nanomaterials 7:162. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7070162, Lin Y, Abadeer N, Hurley KR, Haynes CL (2011) Ultrastable, redispersible, small, and highly organomodified mesoporous silica nanotherapeutics. An overview of silica types and CAS numbers is shown below: Synthetic Amorphous Silica (SAS), EINECS No. PLoS One 10:e0141593. There are no contraindications for silica during pregnancy or breastfeeding and therefore, with advice from your medical professional Qsilica ORIGINAL Skin, Hair, & Nails Capsules can be considered for use during pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(01)00645-7, Rimer JD, Trofymluk O, Navrotsky A et al. It occurs naturally, in several forms, the most obvious being sand. (2016) Breakable mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. J Biomed Mater Res 25:13971407. However, as the different polymorphs of silica differ in their hazards to human health, it is essential, to distinguish carefully between crystalline silica and synthetic amorphous silica (crystalline-free). This website uses cookies. Its usefulness stems from three key attributes: Colloidal silicon dioxide is used as a carrier for liquids and semi-liquids or as free-flow agent in powdered products (pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, salts, and foods), particularly for substances that attract water molecules (hygroscopic) or cake, so that they flow better. This is further supported by the available worker exposure data that continues to show there is no evidence of health hazards to workers from the manufacture and use of SAS products. Unlike dry milling processes, which lead to API crystallites with a strong tendency to agglomerate, the crystallites absorbed on mesoporous silica are stabilized and separated from each other by carrier-API interactions. PubMedGoogle Scholar. [8] Sccs, P.H.M. https://doi.org/10.1021/la8007206, Rio-Echevarria IM, Selvestrel F, Segat D et al. Generally, the viscosity of obtained gels depends on the amount of silica added; that is, the more is added, the thicker the gel will be. Rev Environ Sci Bio/Technol 1:1738. Colloidal stability and degradability of silica nanoparticles in biological fluids: a review. The sweet spot is 0.5% w/w, which can be adjusted up or down depending on the required performance (the range varies between 0.2 and 1.0% w/w). (2021) Understanding the mechanisms of silica nanoparticles for nanomedicine. Usually they are suspended in an aqueous phase that is stabilized electrostatically. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 132:6071. Finally, aggregates of Colloidal silicon dioxide occupy and fill voids, which eliminates irregularities on the particle surfaces, reducing particle-particle entanglements. However, they should not be used for drug delivery by inhalation or injection because of the risks of tissue reactions or the formation of granulomas. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820251107, Knowles BR, Wagner P, Maclaughlin S et al. Compared with traditional wet granulation, MADG does not involve the use of heat to dry granules and involves fewer process steps. Colloidal silicon dioxide is approved for use in pharmaceutical products as an excipient (oral, topical products and topical sprays but not for inhalation). Dissolution Technol 18:1528. As these may also be present in other pregnancy supplements,we would recommend speaking to a healthcare provider before taking the Qsilica ONE-A-DAY, as they will be able to guide you based on your specific diet and supplement intake amongst other factors. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 12:63466354. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201000538, Bindini E, Ramirez M, de los A, Rios X et al. 3 0 obj<>stream https://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm01390k, Khung YL, Narducci D (2015) Surface modification strategies on mesoporous silica nanoparticles for anti-biofouling zwitterionic film grafting. These ingredients are all present in the Qsilica ONE-A-DAY range, which is recommended for the support of hair loss. We recommend being consistent as well as following the directions for use on the label. Chem Commun 49:34103412. What is it, harm, benefit, instructions for use Unlike other forms, colloidal silicon dioxide belongs to the hydroxyl group of substances. Polym Chem 2:2771. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1py00426c, Wang D, Xu Z, Chen Z et al. Nanomedicine 13:1618. APIs that exhibit high solubility and high permeability generally have high bioavailability. Langmuir 24:87728778. Therefore, the mean diameter of the resulting synthetic amorphous silica particles, as used, is typically in the micron range and well above 100 nm. It is not advisable to pre-mix Colloidal silica with lubricants, such as magnesium stearate or sodium stearyl fumarate. It is a versatile material that is used in plastics to improve their wear resistance, and has been used to replace microplastics. In numerous studies, it has been shown that in the bulk phase (normal existence), the primary particles in Colloidal silica do not exist as individual/discrete nanoparticles but are fused together to form aggregates, which subsequently form agglomerates. The order of addition of the ingredients and dispersion time is not critical. Colloidal silicon dioxide is used in tablet coating processes due to its ability to improve throughput and economics. Chem Soc Rev 46:74387468. (2020) Effect of particle functionalization and solution properties on the adsorption of bovine serum albumin and lysozyme onto silica nanoparticles. How to Use Colloidal Silica to Thicken Oils. Colloidal silicon dioxide improves powder flow by counteracting the forces behind particle cohesion. For example, 50nm particles can be concentrated to greater than 50 wt% solids while 10nm particles can only be concentrated to approximately 30 wt% solids before the suspension becomes too unstable. Adv Funct Mater 29:1904216. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201904216, Lee JE, Lee N, Kim T et al. Correspondence to ACS Sustain Chem Engeneering 5:48794889. If magnesium stearate is used, colloidal silica should be mixed with the other ingredients first before adding in the lubricant. Finally, colloidal silicon dioxide is inert toward most active drug ingredients and excipients, so incompatibilities are extremely rare. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2010.11.013, Mosquera J, Garca I, Henriksen-Lacey M et al. Chem Phys Lett 191:327335. Start by determining the required amount of silica. Polydisperse suspensions can also be synthesized and have roughly the same limits in particle size. We discuss strategies used to tune silica nanoparticle degradability in the biological environment. J Colloid Interface Sci 26:6269. The orientation of the bonds is random, and there is no long-range periodicity. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b02457, de Oliveira LF, Bouchmella K, Gonalves KDA et al. Colloidal silicon dioxide grades find utility in liquid formulations on account of their viscosity-modifying properties as well as their ability to prevent particle settling in disperse (suspensions) systems. Surprisingly, when the sustainability of Colloidal silicon dioxide was assessed by the Excipients Forum, it achieved a score of 43 out of 100 on their Sustainable Chemistry scheme. The long history of manufacture and use, coupled with data regarding the size distribution of the material, substantiates the widespread belief that colloidal silicon dioxide has a low potential for adverse health effects. The pyrogenic method for producing Silica was invented in 1941 by Harry Klopfer, a scientist at Degussa (now part of Evonik AG). MORE, Samples are the first step to tackle technical problems together with a new partner. [13] Dal Zotto, M., Realdon, N., Ragazzi, E., Dalla Fini, G., Effects of two different kinds of silicon dioxide on release of drugs from suppositories: benzydamine hydrochloride. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. (2011) Multifunctional mesoporous silica nanocomposite nanoparticles for theranostic applications. Moisture content is dependent on grade and storage conditions. Take with water or juice. In nature, silicon almost always exists in combination with oxygen, either as free silica (SiO2), in conjunction with other elements (for instance, in silicates, which are the main minerals in rocks and soil), or as combined silica (SiO3). ;-mTU$o5$M4>-&mYu&1jx5kY* g.mzG'$^YiR? (2019) Interactions of nanoparticles and biosystems: Microenvironment of nanoparticles and biomolecules in nanomedicine. Yes, all Qsilica products are sugar free. These dispersions are stable below a pH of 4. This random distribution is what makes amorphous silica different from crystalline silica - ordered on a molecular level. It is advised to only take Qsilica products when they are in-date. [10] R.D.A. (2016) Dissolution kinetics of mesoporous silica nanoparticles in different simulated body fluids. Langmuir 35:13351345. Acta Biomater 84:317327. On the other hand, silicon dioxide grades that are both synthetic and amorphous in structure do not share the biologic hazards. (2019) Shielding and stealth effects of zwitterion moieties in double-functionalized silica nanoparticles. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. No express or implied warranty is made for specific properties or fitness for any particular application or purpose. Hoet, Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) Revision of the opinion on the safety of the use of Silica, Hydrated Silica, and Silica Surface Modified with Alkyl Silylates (nano form) in cosmetic products, regulatory toxicology and pharmacology, 74 (2016) 79-80. Powdered, liquid or pasty active ingredients should be first ground or triturated with Colloidal silicon dioxide and, if possible, sieved before being added to the molten suppository base. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.08.028, Zhu X, Vo C, Taylor M, Smith BR (2019) Non-spherical micro- and nanoparticles in nanomedicine. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 108:110119. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:2113321146. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NR02396E, Yang G, Phua SZF, Bindra AK, Zhao Y (2019) Degradability and clearance of inorganic nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Each tablet contains a high quantity of active ingredient so only one-per-day is required. The ability to adsorb substances onto the surface of the AEROSIL aggregates. (2013) Preparation, purification, and characterization of aminopropyl-functionalized silica sol. It is then dried in hot air and milled or passed through a classifier. This should be done with the most cohesive ingredient, if present. (2010) Highly PEGylated silica nanoparticles: ready to use stealth functional nanocarriers. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology (2006) Watching silica nanoparticles glow in the biological world. (2015) Dispersion behaviour of silica nanoparticles in biological media and its influence on cellular uptake. Click here and check out which grade fits best to your specific requirements. In: Kumar CSSR (ed) Nanotechnologies for the life sciences. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b04299, Sha Z, Yang S, Fu L et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.04.006, Prasetyanto EA, Bertucci A, Septiadi D et al. J Colloid Interface Sci 292:139147. Not only do these silanes provide reactive sites for the grafting of other chemicals, but they provide enhanced stability by physically preventing the formation of siloxane bridges that can result in the formation of aggregates or gel structures. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.012, Scheffer FR, Silveira CP, Morais J et al. (2018) Freeze-drying of silica nanoparticles: Redispersibility toward nanomedicine applications. Silicon colloidal anhydrous (silica) . https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.10057, Thierry B, Zimmer L, McNiven S et al. Whether or not these subunits are joined together depends on the conditions of polymerization. surfactant science series. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6AY00419A, Bharti B, Meissner J, Findenegg GH (2011) Aggregation of silica nanoparticles directed by adsorption of lysozyme. (2020) Highlights in mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a multifunctional controlled drug delivery nanoplatform for infectious diseases treatment. (2019) Dual GSH-exhausting sorafenib loaded manganese-silica nanodrugs for inducing the ferroptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Because of the very small size, the surface area of colloidal silica is very high. Nanotoxicology 10:970980. Carrier for solid dispersions. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(92)85309-X, Pfeiffer-Laplaud M, Costa D, Tielens F et al. Aerosil Colloidal Silicon Dioxide for Pharmaceuticals Technical Information Bulletin, SIPERNAT and AEROSIL an essential in industrial powder technology Evonik Industries Technical Information 1360, Aerosil and Sipernat Silica as Thickeners for Personal Care. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01465a001, Depasse J, Watillon A (1970) The stability of amorphous colloidal silica. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202101519, Bhavsar D, Patel V, Sawant K (2019) Systemic investigation of in vitro and in vivo safety, toxicity and degradation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles synthesized using commercial sodium silicate. J Inorg Biochem 69:177180. Besides being the most abundant mineral on the Earth, it is also very important to life on our planet. All historic physicochemical and toxicology data remain valid for SAS manufactured today. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201504605, Croissant J, Catton X, Man MWC et al. %verypdf.com First, due to the high surface area of colloidal silicon dioxide, there is an increased propensity to adsorb vapours and gases. Evidence obtained from the many studies done over several decades has led authorities to conclude that colloidal silicon dioxide has minimal adverse health effects from exposure, and is not harmful when administered orally or dermally. Appl Catal A Gen 219:3343. When the system is mechanically sheared, such as through shaking, the structure is broken down, rendering the system more fluid as the viscosity drops. Acc Chem Res 46:792801. These changes, while not necessarily affecting the silica content, density, refractive index, colour, or amorphous form, do impact three key parameters, i.e: As a result, different commercial grades of colloidal silicon dioxide, such as AEROSIL (Evonik), Cab-O-Sil (Cabot Corporation) and Wacker HDK (Wacker-Chemie GmbH) may differ in these parameters. . Densified grades are not used to thicken oils because they form larger, more stable agglomerates that are difficult to disperse. The table below provides a synopsis of the main physicochemical properties of importance. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b09950, Gollwitzer C, Bartczak D, Goenaga-Infante H et al. In Europe, Colloidal silica is designated E551. The colloidal suspension is stabilized by pH adjustment and then concentrated, usually by evaporation. Where possible, colloidal silicon dioxide should be used within 6 to 12 months of the production date.
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